Elements

Source of Water & Features that used in wet processing ( Dyeing)

In wet processing technology water is a very important fact. Using proper & purified water during
dyeing cause the good shade matching and facilitate the dyeing process.
There are different source of Water. These are-

1. Rain Water For Textile:

a) Purest of all natural waters.
b) May contain traces of gases dissolved, finely divided solid matter derived from the air.
c) Can be filtered by sand bed.
d) Suitable for boiling, washing and drying process.

2. Surface Water For Textile:

a) Consists of rain water but collected from the streams, rivers or lakes.
b) Contains organic and inorganic matters (dissolved) and suspended impurities.
c) Contain chloride, sulphate, carbonate, bicarbonate of sodium, potassium, calcium an iron.

3. sub-soil water For Textile:

a) Collected from shallow springs and wells about 50 ft. or so deep.
b) Free from suspended impurities, contains dissolved organic matter, carbon dioxide.
c) Not suitable for dyeing & finishing.

4. Deep-well water For Textile :

a) Obtained from 500 m. below the surface.
b) Free from organic matters.
c) Soluble organic compounds, ammonium salts, nitrates, and nitrites or vegetable origin may be found.
So, before dyeing it is mandatory to choose the proper water for ease of dyeing process.

Water Hardness|Water hardness test Kit or Tester for wet processing ( Textile Dyeing )

There are several water softening plant. By using this plant the removal of water hardness can be achieved:

The processes of water hardness test kit are: -

1. Soda Lime Process.
2. Base Lime Process
3. Base-exchange process
4. Demineralization
5. Soda Alum.
6. Aeration.
7. Sequestration.

Chelating Agents |Sequestering Agents |Surface active agents

Sequestering Agents:

Formation of soluble complex between sequestering agent a polyvalent metal ion. Most commonly sequestering agent that are used in the textile mill are-
Sodium Hexametaphosphate ( Na6P6O18) Calgon:
Calgon + Ca ++ - Na4 [ Ca(PO3)6] + 2Na+
Amino di acetic Acid:  NH ( Ch2CooH)2 :-
1. Nitrilo Tri-acetic acid
2. Ethylene di-amine tetra acetic acid (EDTA)

Surface Active Agent:

A surface active agent of textile wet processing is one-
1. Which was balanced solubility in water and in oil.
2. Which preferentially gets oriented at the interface between air and water.
3. Which lowers the surface tension of water substantially when dissolved in it in the concentration range of 0.1 to 10 G/L at the room temperature (20˚ to 30˚)

Example of some agents used in textile dyeing:

1. Detergent
2. Wetting Agent
3. Cationic Agent
4. Water Repellents.

Roles of Soap in Textile Pretreatment Process

Soap For Textile Washing:

Soap is a long chain fatty acid, which has detergency power. Soaps are made by boiling natural oils or fatty acid with aquous solution of the hydroxides of potassium or sodium. The formula of the soap is C17H35CooNa
Oils for Soap Manufacturing: Cotton Seed Oil, Tallow, Coconut oil, Olive oil, Soyabean oil, Bone fats, Palm oil.

Properties of soil that used in scouring of textile material:

1. Aquous solution of soap has an alkaline reaction.
2. Effect of no. of carbon atom;
less than 9, no detergent power
within 11 to 17, good detergent
above 17, poor solubility.
3. Reaction with hard water: C17H35CooNa + CaSo4  (C17H35Coo)2Ca + Na2So4. It causes wastage of soap.

Control of Water Standard quality in Textile Processing

Water, what you will use in Dyeing or wet processing in a Textile Industry should have to be contained the following configuration. A perfect water should have – 

1. Color: Water must be colorless by which the dyeing will be carried out.
2. Odor/ Smell: Water must be odorless.
3. PH (Puissance of Hydrogen): Natural. Value would be 7 to 8.
4. Water Hardness: Less than 5˚ DH.
5. Dissolved Solids : <1 ML/L
6. Solid Deposits: < 50 Mg/l.
7. Organic Substance: < 20 Mg/ L.
8. Inorganic Salt: < 500mg/L
9. Iron : <0.1 Mg/l.
10. Cupper: < 0.005 Mg/L.
11. Nitrate: < 50 Mg/ L.
12. Nitrite: <5 Mg/L.

Mostly Used Textile Chemical In a Textile Industry-Part 1

There are several sections existing on a textile manufacturing floor and on that basis chemical are used on different sequence of textile manufacturing process.

Some of the textile chemical also used as buffer, soaping agent, sequestering agent, leveling, peroxide killer, enzyme, stabilizer and brightener.

On the basis of Basic Chemical I should enlist some chemical here:

Salt, Soda Ash, Caustic, H2O2, Hydrose, Bleaching Powder, Foaming Agent, Sodium Sulphite, Antifoam-39, Industrial Selt, Albatex FFC, Contripon S.

Textile Chemical listing on the basis of Acid:

H2SO4, Acetic Acid, Fomic Acid, Ruco Acid ABS, Oxalic Acid, Invatex AC.
You may find any other useful textile chemical like acid on your working arena which can be named as different as the brand name of a textile chemical varies country to country. This quote is applied on all of the chemicals that I have already mentioned and which I will enlist later.

Textile Chemical Listing on the basis of Silicon:

I have found several names of silicon which is used on the contemporary textile processing. The silicon names are- Crosoft, Nepton SRE, Ultratex UM New, Silicon AMZ.
It is the series of textile chemical listing and is the first part of the series. So keep visiting this textile blog to grab the rest of chemical name.

Factors Affecting the Choice of Dyeing Methods in Textile

The following is a list of factors which dictate the choice of conditions under which particular blends might best be dyed:

1. Coloristic effect required. Check is it union, serve, tone-in-tone or what-else? Ask your buyers that what he wants from you and dye the fabric or any other textile materials as per buyer requirements.
2. Colorfastness required of the resultant dyeing. It is worth mentioning that – before starting a dying process in textile you must have to ask your buyer that, what type of colorfastness property he/she wants. Use grayscale to measure the colorfastness of the sample that you have dyed and let the buyers informed about it.
3. Suitability of the dyeing for subsequent finishing processes. Finishing is the crucial point to consider. Every dyeing process might have different finishing process. Check what kind of finish you can serve.
4. Compatibility of dyes from different application categories with one another. Blended fiber or Blend textile requires particular and fiber specific dyes to be properly dyed. It is seen that; if you use usual dyestuff to make a blended fiber or blended fabic dyed, then some parts of that fabric has been dyed and some other parts haven’t been dyed.
5. Availability of particular types of batch, semi-continuous and continuous dyeing equipment. If you don’t have the required instruments, materials, dyes and batches; how would you dye? So, check and dye the fabric or fiber if all of the required instruments and materials are available.
6. Cost of the dyes and chemicals involved. It does totally depend on the buyers and on the services you give. If your buyers want a blended dyeing with good color fastness and good conditioned; then you might have to rush to buy good chemical and good dyes. And most importantly; good services mean producing good product by using good materials. So it varies the cost.
7. Economics of the overall process. The last thing one must have to consider; which is Money. How about your budget? How much money do you want to spend to dye these fabrics or fibers?

Some or all of these points should be involved in any decision to proceed with a particular method of dyeing a given