A thread is a large number of very thin fibers spun together, used in the manufacture of textiles and in sewing. Or In hardware a thread is used to connect two things together, such as a screw to a piece of wood or two segments of a hose.

The process flow chart for the manufacture of sewing threads is shown in the flowchart.

Sewing thread must be singed to ensure that the projecting fibres do not interfere with downstream processing. Percentage of singeing can be achieved varied by varying the yarn collection speed. Hair removal efficiency at singeing machine is normally 30 - 50%. Flame temperature is around 800 oC. Singeing is mainly done in Cotton Sewing Threads.

• The heart of the machine - the burner, serves to singe reliably the projecting fibres of yarn running through at high speed, without inflicting burns on yarn itself. There is a choice between the gas burner and the electric burner. Gas burner are widely used. The gas burner consumes about 55 gm of natural, propane or butane gas an hour, depending on singeing rate and yarn type. 

• Speed: 300-1200 m/min.

• Conversion of hank in to cone of suitable weight

• Waxing for reducing co-officient of friction in sewing thread .

• Twin Input Rollers: At the front of the head are the twin-input rollers, set to a fixed speed but proportional to the winding speed. The main functions of this unit are to eliminate unwanted tensions prior to yarn entering waxing unit. 

• The speed of machine ranging from 400-700 mpm, with possible traverse from150-200 mm.

Some threads for special end uses like leather industries, bag stitching, kite flying are treated with starch, softeners, whitener, etc on this machine. Cooked starch is mixed with other chemicals and different recipes are made for different qualities depending on the end uses. 

• Extra ordinary smooth surface 

• Thread becomes round.

• Stiffness increases.

• Increase in tensile strength (7-10%).

• Winding in various types of sewing thread packages like cone, cop , tube, ball, vicone and spool.

• Threads are treated with special waxes for achieving best workability during sewing operation.

• Lick roller lubrication is applied on industrial sewing thread where thread has to run on high speed sewing machine; the basic ingredient of the most of the lubricants is parafin wax. Although silicones are also used because of their stability to heat and various additives are also included to give some special properties.

Threads are wound in many forms. Small length spools are employed in retail store distribution, whereas somewhat larger spools are used to a limited extent industrially. Some of the very fine soft threads are wound on cones, very coarse soft threads are in skein form, but the largest proportion by far is wound on the one headed tube with base or straight tubes. These packages in some instances are put on a weight basis; however, the larger percentage is marked on a length basis. Ready-wound bobbins in a number of styles to accommodate the various sewing machines employed are also available. Cross winding threads are generally laid in with traverse ratio 1: 6 (one double traverse = six spindle revolution) and 1: 4 for coarser counts.

The following types of packages are used in sewing threads (with commonly used dimensions).

Spool: Spools are small flanged plastic or wooden bobbins, they are both with tapered (so-called Diabolo spools) and straight flanges. Mainly parallel winding (because side unwinding is easy) is done. Cross-windings are also possible on the spools. They contain relatively short length of 100-500 meter thread. The length of traverse on spool is 2.9-3.8 cm.

End uses: Upholstery, footwear, leather goods manufacturing, and in hand sewing operations. 

Cops are small cylindrical flangeless spools, with precision cross winding. They are mostly made of paper and plastic. They are of two types, small Cop (Tube) and medium Cop (Cop). The lack of flanges facilitates regular off winding on industrial sewing machines although their small diameter makes them less well suited to the faster thread take off machines. Smaller Cops are popular make-up in fashion trades, where a variety of shades are used and production runs for any one colour or style of garments. The length of thread wound ranges from 100-2000 m on small cop and 400-4000 m on cop. The length of traverse on small cop is 5 - 6.3 cm and on cop is10 cm.

End uses: Kite flying, Upholstery, ready-made garment, tailoring, hosiery, umbrella, and shoe stitching

This is self-supporting, cross wound conical package. It is easier to withdraw yarn over end from a cone than from a cheese and because of this, cone is more widely used. They contain relatively long lengths 1000-25000 m with length of traverse ranging from 10-15 cm. They give trouble free thread unwinding at intermittent or continuous high speeds. Cones are the most economical packages for conventional sewing threads in situations where thread consumption is high and production runs are long.

End uses: ready made garment, tailoring, hosiery, leather stitching, Upholstery, shoe stitching, denim, embroidery, and kite flying.

Vicones are parallel tubes or low angled cones with an additional base in the form of a raised flange, which may incorporate a small tip. The build of vicone depends on the exact conformity of the taper with the angle of vicone’s base. Coarse yarns require a large traverse for the taper -- fine yarn a small one. They contain lengths of 1000-5000 m with length of traverse 6.5-9 cm.

End uses: embroidery, core-spun, and filament threads .

Prewound bobbins are precision parallel wound thread package designed to replace metal bobbins on a variety of lock stitch machines.

A very small hank of soft twisted plied thread (around 8 m) of coarse count, is parallel wound with the help rotating flyer, which withdraws the thread from the supply package cone. 

End uses: embroidery.

A typical ball like structure, wound with the help of four types of different winding. They are: Rough base winding, form winding, surface layer winding, and circumference winding. The initial winding provides firmness at the base. Next winding process makes space for placing the identification ticket. The third stage of winding provides firm gripping of the ticket. The last stage of winding makes a band over the ball, which retains its shape. An easy unwinding of thread is possible.

End uses: embroidery, fishing net and bag closing.

Cocoons are self-supporting i.e. center-less thread package specially designed for the insertion in the shuttle of multi needle quilting and some types of embroidery. Cocoons are used in the shuttle of multi needle quilting and some types of embroidery machines.

Here is a list of cutting tools and accessories often used on cutting department in garment industry:
1. Scissor

2. Straight Knife.

3. Band Knife

4. Round Knife

5. Die Cutter

6. Computerized Knife Cutter.

7. Computerized Laser Cutter.

8. Drill Machine.

Here Scissor is used in 100% cases in cutting section. Straight Knife is used in 100% cases for bulk cutting directly from lay cutting.

Cross Cutting Machine

Hand Sewing Wash Cloths

Inspection and Folding

Those accessories which are used in sewing section are called trimmings.

Fabric is the basic material in garment manufacturing. Except fabric, the other materials are known as accessories. For shirt making there are some accessories are commonly used. These are- 1. Sewing Thread 2. Button. 3.Interlining, 4. Labels 5. Collar Bone etc.

There are some finishing accessories: 1. Neck Board, 2. Back Board, 3. Tissue 4. Butter fly 5. Price Ticket, 6. Hang Tag, 7.Al-pin, 8. Ball Head Pin 9. Plastic Clip, 10. Tag Pin 11. Poly Bag etc.

The individual par of a garment which is shaped by hard paper is called pattern.

The patterns set which is used for sample making are called Working Pattern.

Marker is a large thin paper which contains shape of required pattern pieces or a particular style of garments.

Spreading means smooth lying out of fabrics as per marker length and width.

Cutting is the process by which we can cut fabrics as per marker dimension with the help of knife.

Bespoke Garments are made on the basis of individual clients and according to the individual’s size and requirement.

Ready to wear garments is made on the basis of target common groups, according to size charts, derived from statistical analysis.

Interlining is one kind of trimmings which is placed between two layer of garment parts in garment manufacturing

Lining is one kind of trimmings which is used underside of garments and use in next to skin.

Cutting Tools that mostly used on cutting department in garment industry

Here is a list of cutting tools and accessories often used on cutting department in garment industry:
1. Scissor
2. Straight Knife.
3. Band Knife
4. Round Knife
5. Die Cutter
6. Computerized Knife Cutter.
7. Computerized Laser Cutter.
8. Drill Machine.
Here Scissor is used in 100% cases in cutting section. Straight Knife is used in 100% cases for bulk cutting directly from lay cutting.
The drill machine is specially used for position marking on the fabric that would be cut for making garment.

Apparel/ Garment Patterns Instruction | Construction

Garment / Apparel Patterns Instruction:

Following instruction must be marked on apparel pattern, to enable the garment to be made up correctly: -
1. Style Number.
2. Name of the part
3. Size ( it will show you how to find your size on a pattern finished garment measurements)
4. Grain Line: All patterns must have grain lines. It indicates the length direction of fabrics, i.e. during marker making all patterns must be placed to the length direction.
5. Balance Mark: Used to ensure patterns are sewn together at the correct points.
6. Construction Lines: These include buttonholes, pocket placing etc.

Garment Patterns Construction:

1. Manual Method.
2. By Computer (CAD).

Principles of Pattern Making:

A garment sewing pattterns or garment fabric & patterns draft is developed by calculating, taking account of the following measurements: -
1. Direct Sample.
2. Specification Sheet/ Measurement Chart.
3. Actual body size measurements.
4. Easy Allowances.
5. Sewing Allowance.

Pattern Draft:

A pattern draft is a diagrammatic representation of the way a garment is constructed. The objective of pattern draft is to develop a sample garment.

Pattern Sets:

Different sizes of pattern for a particular style are called pattern sets, e.g. L.M.S.

Production Pattern:

The pattern se which are used for huge production is called production pattern.

Interlinings | Interlining |Features of nonwoven interlining ( Fusible Interlining) | Resins of Interlining

The main features of ( nonwoven interlining )Fusible Interlining are described below:

1. It should not be harmful with body or skin.
2. It should be water washable or dry cleanable.
3. It should be transparent.
4. It should have sufficient bond strength.
5. It should be fused within temperature from 110 to 175 degree centigrade.

Resin:

1. Polyethylene.
2. Polypropylene
3. Polyamide
4. Poly Ester
5. PVA
6. PVC

From the above mentioned resin the polyester is the best Interlining; the reason is-

1. It can be water washable and dry cleanable.
2. Can be used in any kind of garments.
3. Available in the market.

The Knife Band | Features of Band Knife Machines

The features of the Band knife which is used in cutting section of Garment manufacturing are described below:

Features of Band Knife Machine:

1. This machine worked as saw mill technique.
2. Not possible to cut fabric directly from lay.
3. Block pieces of fabric required in bundle form to cut by this machine.
4. Blade moving vertically through a flat working table.
5. Machine remains stationary and fabric is moveable.
6. Specially used to cut small parts more accurately.

Disadvantages of Band Knife Machine:

1. Fabric wastage is high.
2. Work load high.
3. Push cutting needles in better vision but is more dangerous.

Drill Cutter & Die Cutter | Cutting Machine of Garment

Drill Cutter:

1. This is a secondary cutting machine.
2. Drill holes are helpful guide to positioning of various items.
3. Used for positioning of pockets, buttons & button holes, etc.

Die Cutter:

1. Mainly used for mass production of slow change items.
2. Dies having the exact shape of the garment pieces.
3. Some dies are sued over a long period.

Advantages of Die Cutter:

Very accurate and excellent for small components.

Machine Clothing | Best Clothing Machines You Could Buys

Clothing Machines, Sewing machines, apparel machine whatever you say it; it is a big issue to choose the best machines amongst from the huge quantity of clothing machines manufacturers available all over the world.
It’s really a tough issue to find out the quality sewing machines suppliers, manufacturers and related clothing care company who can provides qualified embroidery and garment related accessories . Fabric and clothing items is a sensitive fact on which peoples always give extra care. If people don’t like it anyway, they will never ever buy it. So, there is no way to skip this quality issue. And if you don’t have the quality clothing machines; it will really be tough work for you to make a quality product to sell. Don’t think that – you live in China and there, this item won’t be sold out. The demand of Hot, cheap but beautiful cloths are unavoidable in everywhere of this world.
Here I will give you a list of sewing and clothing machines manufacturers which companies are renowned on their own discipline.
Glicks for Shredded Jeans: This kind of Shredded jeans is very popular to the Celebrities. Multiple styles are available on their shops. Free shipment scope is availavle for the buyers who buys more than 60 USD.
Kohl’s Official Site: Buy young men’s machine  cloths from here. You will get free shipping on 75 Dollars order.  It is worth mentioning that, only 0.99 USD per item.
Clothing at JC Penny: If you want to make  any deals with JC Penny, then contact with the JC Penny’s local store.
Shopzilla: Bargain Prices for smart deals. You will get best value along  with saving money. Save on Hoodies, Shirts and more clothing machines.
Target: Find affordable  but effective sewing and other apparel machines on Target.
There are some other online and offline apparel accessory and machine seller; choose the best one which will really match with you.

Secrets in Accessorizing Your Casual Wardrobe

Accessorizing your casual wardrobe is the key in saving hundreds of dollars from constantly buying new clothes. Even your old clothes will look fresh by adding the right accessories with them. Because the accessories add new glamour to your outfit, they are a must to any girl’s attire. You can buy them from any department store, garage sales or have them tailor-made for you.

Accessories
Scarves, belts, hats and jewelries transform your outfit into a new look. Scarves can be worn tied around your neck or shoulders or as an accent around your waist. Belts turn a shapeless dress into a sexy outfit in seconds while hats add an instant hip to you look. As a finishing touch, jewelries enhance your total style. By simply mixing and matching these accessories, you can create a whole new look each time.
Classic Style
If you think accessorizing your casual wardrobe is expensive, then try the classic styles. Leather and plain colored fabrics match any type of outfit. Be it a formal gathering or casual occasion, they can turn your clothes into an entirely new outfit.
Just Enough
Although your goal is to add an accent to your look, use of accessories should also be minimal. Do not over accessorize by wearing all your dangling jewelries all at once. Coordinate each piece of jewelry by keeping it all gold or all silver.
Enhance your Asset
When you pick the accessory to wear, be sure to think of the body part that you want to accentuate. If you have great hips and waist, tie the scarf around your waist or get a good piece of belt. The accessory will boost your hour glass shaped glass. If you have to focus the attention to your face, do not overpower your headdress. Make it simple to keep the attention to your face.
Think of your Comfort
The last tip is actually the most important. All your effort will go to waste if you do not feel comfortable with the way you look. People will see if you are confident enough with your accessories. If you think you cannot stand accessorizing your casual wardrobe, better go for plain and neutral clothing than to be uncomfortable all day.
About the author:
The author of the above article is an expert in various arts and science niches including graffiti styles and techniques. You can also find expertly articles on costumes like fda approved face paint and the like at the informative websites owned by the author.

Download Free & Paid Apparel/Clothing Softwares To Manage All Tough Works In a Minute!

Apparel or Clothing Software is very essential for the Garment Manufacturing Industry. An Apparel Factory is huge on its production capacity and volume. A lot of work is to be done within a single minute. Sometimes it becomes difficult for a human being to manage all works in a clothing industry regarding production calculation, Export management, Salary and Wages processing, Maintenance of the Machinery and Instrument, several official works like correspondence with buyers. So, apparel or clothing industry uses software’s in job to ease the whole managerial works. Some of the software’s are free and some are paid. The apparel software’s that you will have to buy; these are more accurate and can do more works than free apparel software at more efficient and fastest way.
There are some free and paid apparel clothing software’s you can download or buy for your Garment Industry.
Best clothing apparel software 5.1.5:
This software price is about only $159. The main reasons of using this clothing software are: – it’s easy to use and easy to learn the functions. This software provides awesome technical support and you can download all the new upgrades of this software and you won’t have to pay any more money for that.
Home Fads Wardrobe Manager 2.2.0.1212:
This is awesome free apparel clothing software for organizing Apparel accessories. Though this clothing software is not used widely by the apparel industry; but you can use it on your home for better organizing your apparel collections and related accessories.
Nzip Sales Software 5.0:
Nzip is one of the cheapest apparel selling software available in the market which cost only 20 USD. A garment industry can use this software for purchasing and selling the apparels and related stuffs. You can use this software in other purpose like Inventory Management, Boutique Industry, and FMCG and on selling purposes.
CostingNet 4.38:
Costing is a big factor of a garment industry. Because the net profit or loss of apparel buying house or factory is totally dependent on how accurately the overall costing is made. CostingNet 4.38 has made the total Costing Process easier and fast than ever.
Tboss Web Application 1.0:
This clothing or apparel application is made based on Costing and different apparel production managerial functions to gear up overall productivity and time saving process.
No more today. If you really want to know about such type of free and paid apparel clothing software then I will sure come with several posts on it. Just wait and enjoy other textiles articles on this Blog. Take Care Buddy…………